塑料模零件都是毛坯加工而来，毛坯选择是否合理，对模具零件加工的工艺性、模具质量和模具寿命都有很大的影响。所以现在就讲一下塑料模零件的毛坯主要有哪几种：
Plastic die parts are processed from the blank. Whether the selection of the blank is reasonable or not has a great impact on the processing technology of the die parts, the quality of the die and the life of the die. So now let's talk about the main kinds of blanks for plastic mould parts.
1.型材
1. profile
型材是指各种截面的棒料、板料和其他截面的型材。这是模具零件中使用中最多的一类毛坯，经过下料后即送至加工车间进行表面加工。这类材料下料的主要方式有剪切、锯切、砂轮切割、火焰切割、折断等。
Profiles refer to bars, sheets and other sections of various sections. This is the most common type of blank used in die parts. After cutting, it is sent to the processing workshop for surface processing. The main cutting methods of this kind of material are cutting, sawing, grinding wheel cutting, flame cutting, breaking and so on.
2.锻件
2. forgings
锻件是将型材通过锻造的方法获得合理的几何形状和尺寸的坯料。锻造主要有轴向镦拔、横向镦拔和多向镦拔。锻造的目的是为了得到合理的几何形状和机械加工余量，节省原材料，减少机械加工量。改善金属组织状况，使疏松和气泡得到改善，致密度得以提高。改善坯料中金属纤维方向，使其分布更趋合理，提高零件的承载能力和使用性能。改善材料中碳化物分布不合理的状态，提高才知道热处理性能、机械加工性能和模具使用寿命。
Forging is the blank with reasonable geometry and size obtained by forging profiles. Forging mainly includes axial upsetting, transverse upsetting and multi-direction upsetting. The purpose of forging is to obtain reasonable geometry and machining allowance, save raw materials and reduce the amount of machining. Improve the metal structure, improve the porosity and bubbles, and increase the density. Improve the direction of metal fibers in billets, make their distribution more reasonable, and improve the load-carrying capacity and service performance of parts. Improve the unreasonable distribution of carbides in materials, improve the heat treatment performance, mechanical processing performance and die life.
3.铸件
3. castings
塑料模中常用的铸件有铸钢件、铸铁件、铸铝件等。铸件的形状和尺寸应符合铸件图的要求，其化学成分和力学性能应符合规定要求。铸件的表面应进行清砂处理，并去除结疤、飞边和毛刺，残留高度不大于3mm。铸件内部，特别是靠近工作面处不能有气孔、砂眼、裂纹等缺陷，非工作面不能有严重的疏松和较大的缩孔。对铸件应及时进行热处理，铸钢件要完全退火，铸铁件进行时效处理，以消除内应力和改善加工性能。
The common castings used in plastic moulds are steel castings, cast iron castings, cast aluminium castings, etc. The shape and size of the castings should meet the requirements of the casting drawing, and the chemical composition and mechanical properties should meet the requirements. The surface of castings should be cleaned up by sand, and the scars, flash and burrs should be removed. The residual height should be no more than 3mm. There should be no defects such as air holes, sand holes and cracks in the inner part of the casting, especially near the working face, and no serious loosening and large shrinkage in the non-working face. Castings should be heat treated in time, steel castings should be annealed completely, and cast iron should be aged to eliminate internal stress and improve processing performance.
4.模具标准件
4. standard parts for dies and moulds
随着模具专用化的发展，以商品形式出现的模架、模板等零件日益增多，在使用这些模具标准件后，只需进行成型表面和相关部位的加工即可，大大缩短了模具制造周期，随着模具技术的发展，模具标准件将是模具零件毛坯的主流方向。
With the development of mould specialization, more and more parts such as mould frame and template appear in the form of commodity. After using these standard parts of mould, only the processing of forming surface and related parts can be carried out, which greatly shortens the cycle of mould manufacturing. With the development of mould technology, the standard parts of mould will be the blank of die parts. Mainstream direction.